The annexation of Hawaii by the U.S. in 1898 was conducted illegally according to the 1991 Apology Resolution approved by both Houses of Congress and signed by President Bill Clinton (U.S. Public Law 103-150).
In addition to the annexation being a violation of U.S. constitutional law, it was also a violation of international law according to a number of Hawaiian nationals and scholars. The most prominent among them is Dr David Keanu Sai who points out in his scholarly writings that there is no international treaty to support the annexation of Hawaii.
He emphasizes that the 1898 joint resolution of Congress (the Newlands Resolution), signed by President McKinley is merely domestic legislation that has no validity under international law. The absence of any treaty substantiating the U.S. annexation of Hawaii means that the former Kingdom of Hawaii continues to exist under international law according to Dr Sai. His conclusion, supported by a growing number within the Hawaii Sovereignty movement, is that Hawaii is Occupied Territory under International Law.
A retired U.S. Army Captain, Sai became radicalized after he learned about the Apology Resolution and the true circumstances behind the annexation of Hawaii. He subsequently became politically active on the Hawaiian sovereignty issue. He served as a leading agent in the submission of complaints on behalf of the Kingdom of Hawaii before international organizations. These include: The Permanent Court of Arbitration at The Hague, Netherlands (November 1999 – February 2001); and the United Nations Security Council (July 5, 2001).
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