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Statement by Hon. Richard TUHEIAVA
Co-President
Senator for French Polynesia (French Senate, Paris)
BASEL
OSCE Forum
4
July 2014
Session
3: “Humanitarian consequences of nuclear weapons”
Dear
Colleagues members of Parliaments
Dear Mayors
Dear
PNND Colleagues,
Distinguished
representatives of the Civil Society Organizations,
Ladies
and gentlemen,
From
1946 to 1996 – over 50 years - the Pacific region has been the stage of nuclear
set of three major nuclear powers, the United States of America, the United
Kingdom and France. In the Pacific Region, there were in total 321 explosions of
atomic and thermonuclear bombs, the equivalent of merely 11,430 Hiroshima bombs!
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Between 1946 and 1962, the United States of America detonated in the atmosphere
of the Pacific 107 atomic and hydrogen bombs mainly above the atolls of Bikini,
Enewetak, and Johnston Kiritimati, in the Marshall Islands. The total power
generated by the 107 American bombs on these Pacific islands is equivalent to
9800 Hiroshima bombs while the total power of 100 air explosions conducted in
Nevada in the continental United States of America is equivalent to 86 bombs of
Hiroshima.
-
Between 1952 and 1958, the U.K. has proceeded to 21 atomic and hydrogen nuclear
tests in the atmosphere of Australia and Kiritimati atoll, or the power
equivalent to 700 Hiroshima bombs.
-
Between 1966 and 1996, France has proceeded to 193 nuclear tests in French
Polynesia, 46 in the atmosphere above the two atolls of Moruroa and Fangataufa,
a total power equivalent to 720 Hiroshima bombs, and 147 explosions in the
basements of the two atolls , equivalent to 210 Hiroshima bombs power.
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The
humanitarian consequences of these nuclear explosions are devastating to the
health of Pacific people and civilians as well as military personnel who have
been employed in these nuclear programs.
Leukemia,
thyroid cancer and other known to be radiation-induced cancers are abundant in
all territories or countries affected by these experiences. Since 2010, French
Polynesia, which now hosts 275,000 inhabitants, faces 640 new cases of cancer every
year.
Scientific
studies on the health consequences of nuclear testing in the Pacific region are
virtually lacking. In Polynesia, one comprehensive study was conducted over the
period covering the decade 1985-1995, and concluded that the nuclear tests in
our territory were “safe” - but it was a Study funded by the French Ministry of
Defense, which was responsible for conducting such nuclear experiments.
Among
the 962 studies on cancer pathologies generated by the contamination cited in
the 2006 report of the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR), only 22 studies have been conducted on populations living
near nuclear test sites in the world, with only 6 in the Pacific, including 5
studies on the development of thyroid cancer in the Marshall Islands and one on
the development of cancer in French Polynesia.
These
issues do not only demonstrates a lack of interest from the scientific
community to study the health consequences of nuclear tests, and the lack of
political will of the nuclear Powers to assess the health consequences of their
nuclear testing, but also the lack of funding in favour of independent studies
in the Pacific region.
The
environmental consequences of the 321 nuclear explosions in the Pacific region
are also catastrophic. Formerly inhabited atolls and ancestral lands are
permanently or partially prohibited from any permanent human activity.
I
quote a few place names that resonate painfully in the memory of the peoples of
our region of the Pacific: Bikini, Enewetak, Rongelap, Maralinga, Kiritimati,
Moruroa, Fangataufa ...
We
do not forget either that our great ocean served as a nuclear dump not only for
discharges of contaminated military nuclear experiments, but also for
contaminated waste of civilian nuclear activities or the testing of uranium
munitions in the Pacific Rim materials.
Throughout
the Pacific region, we count 26 marine sites radioactive waste discharges and 25
land sites stored with other radioactive waste. Most marine sites where hundreds
of tons of radioactive materials has been dumped, are in no way identified on
nautical charts used by fishing boats, and no studies on the possible
contamination of the biological chain of these sites have been performed.
I
allowed myself to list all these threats to our health and our environment that
also threaten the future of our future generations because I know they are
virtually unknown, ignored or forgotten by most of the 57 Member States of the Organization of Security and Cooperation in Europe OSCE.
Yet
the three nuclear states which took responsibility for these disasters in the
Pacific region are members of your organization.
As
an elected Parliamentarian representing the Pacific community, I wanted to draw
your attention to that part of our world that has suffered the ravages of
nuclear weapons.
However,
I do not forget the same consequences faced by all other regions and peoples of
the world who had to undergo nuclear tests other nuclear powers.
To
cite only other major regions devastated, here is the reminder: Semipalatinsk
and Novaya Zemlya in the former USSR, Lop Nor in China, Reggane and Eker In the
Algerian Sahara, Pokharan India, Pakistan Chagai, Hwaderi North Korea ...
The
foundations of the OSCE based on security and cooperation are translated into
measures of trust between our peoples.
Among
the 10 principles of the OSCE Action, there are "respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms", "respect for the rights of minority
peoples," "respect for the
environment" and "equal
rights and self-determination of peoples”.
Let’s
recognize that although the founders of the OSCE principles allowed, during the
Cold War period, to maintain relations between the two blocks, such principles
have not been implemented by the nuclear Powers in favour of peoples and territories
that have been or still are under their purview, as is the case of the
territory of French Polynesia.
By
what they experienced during half a century and the consequences they still are
suffering as of today, states and countries in the Pacific are convinced that
world security must be permanently free from the threat of nuclear weapons, as
well as the fact that nuclear Powers still have a duty of compensation in favour of the victims
of all their nuclear experiments. This is far from being achieved.
Our
Pacific peoples are seeking Justice from the misuse/abuse of their lands and
resources by the nuclear Powers. I would remind you that for decades, our Peoples
stood up relentlessly against the violations of their rights to life and
health:
- In
1954, the Marshall Islands, under the supervision of the United States, filed a
petition with the Trusteeship Council of the United Nations to oppose nuclear
testing in the United States in the islands under their administration,
- In
1967, in Suva, capital of Fiji, the Christian Association of Girls and the Christian
Students Movement organized a meeting on nuclear testing proceeded in Moruroa,
French Polynesia; that rose the awareness, throughout the Pacific region, of
the harmfulness effects of nuclear weapons,
- In
1973, Australian, New Zealand and Fijian governments filed a lawsuit before the
I.C.J. (International Court of Justice) to require the ceasing of atmospheric
nuclear tests in France, which was obtained the following year;
- In
1980, supported by the Pacific churches, Pacific NGOs created a Movement "for
an Independent Pacific free of nuclear weapons" (NFIP);
- In
1984, after 30 years of silence, the Australian government launched legal
proceedings in London against the British government for the latter to clean-up
Aboriginal lands contaminated by nuclear testing in the 1950s,
- In
1985, members of the Pacific Forum initiated the Treaty of Rarotonga creating a
zone free of nuclear weapons in the South Pacific,
- In
1995, French Polynesia the exasperated local population, supported by Pacific
States and civil society around the world, protested violently against the
resumption of nuclear testing by France. The weight of this global
protest against nuclear testing has contributed to the conclusion of treaty ban
on French nuclear tests in 1996.
- In
2005, the Assembly of French Polynesia decided to conduct its own
investigation, which updated the devastating human and environmental
consequences of nuclear testing by France in Moruroa and Fangataufa, which
forced the government of France to monitor some minimum environmental
rehabilitation measures.
Since
the first nuclear bomb exploded over Bikini Atoll June 30, 1946 until today,
Pacific peoples have thus shown a constant and almost visceral opposition
against the threat of nuclear weapons.
For
several decades, with the consequences of these bombs in their
health and environment, Pacific peoples are mobilizing to defend their rights
vis-à-vis nuclear powers.
In
April 2012, the Republic of the Marshall Islands has appealed to the Special
Rapporteur of the Committee of Human Rights of the United Nations in its
mission report recommended that the United States contribute to "mitigate
and eliminate the harmful effects of nuclear tests "mainly health and
environmental Marshall Islands.
This
mobilization of Pacific peoples, including the people who live in French
Polynesia, joined the common belief of some 146 states of the world expressed
at the conferences in Oslo in 2013 and Nayarit in Mexico in February 2014 to
initiate a process of prohibition of nuclear weapons because of their
humanitarian impacts.
In
this perspective, the Republic of the Marshall Islands filed April 24, 2014
before the International Court of Justice a lawsuit instituting proceedings
against nine nuclear powers accused of "not
fulfilling their obligations relating to cessation the nuclear arms race at an
early date and to nuclear disarmament" in accordance with Article 6 of
the Nuclear Non-proliferation Treaty and customary International Law.
The
battle of the Pacific peoples and the world against nuclear weapons and for
their rights to proper compensation are yet facing reluctance, intransigence, and
unwillingness from the nuclear Powers.
As a
matter of fact, the Ma’ohi people, crushed by a colonial system that has been
imposed for nearly two centuries, does not intend to waver in its resistance to
nuclear weapons and keeps calling upon the peoples around the world for support.
On
17 May 2013, the territory of French Polynesia territory, still under the
administration of France from a U.N. Charter perspective, has been re-listed on
the United Nations list of Non-Self Governing territories, as New Caledonia was
back in 1986.
This
re-inscription is absolutely not disconnected from the ongoing efforts made by
the International Community towards a world free of nuclear weapons.
Indeed,
the Special Committee on Decolonization of the United Nations was aware of
"significant health and
environmental benefits of nuclear tests carried out in the territory by the
administering Power for thirty years”.
In
addition, the Special Committee on Decolonization requested "the Secretary-General (of the UN) to compile
a report on the environmental impact, environmental, health and others fallouts
generated by the thirty-years period of Nuclear tests” in French Polynesia.
This was endorsed as one of the operational paragraphs of a second resolution
adopted on 11 December 2013 by the U.N. General Assembly in New York.
Thus, the highest authorities of the United
Nations seem very concerned with the humanitarian consequences of nuclear
weapons experiments.
Such
expected report from the U.N. Secretary General, to be soon compiled on the French
nuclear tests in French Polynesia, might be a new argument in the context of a
world free of the burden of nuclear weapons.
In
closing my remarks, I would like to thank the organizers and Host of this OSCE Forum
and the Basel Peace Office for giving me the opportunity to remind, within the
“heart” of Europe (here in Switzerland), the relentless and brave opposition of
the peoples of the distant Pacific Region to the nuclear tests and weapons, as
well as that of all the people who have suffered and still suffer human and
environmental consequences of the tests of nuclear Powers.
On
behalf of our Pacific elders and leaders that contributed to an "independent and Pacific free of nuclear
weapons", we still act today with all diplomatic means and medias that
are available to us to contribute to the outstanding efforts of the vast
majority of states around the planet, the OSCE, the International Committee of
the Red Cross, to build, as soon as possible, a world ultimately freed from
nuclear weapons.
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