13 November 2015

United States Territories Criticize United Airlines

"The unilateral applicability of U.S. cabotage laws to the U.S. territories resulting in high prices on air service is a function of the colonial status which limits competition to only U.S. airlines - even as the territories are outside of the U.S. customs zone. If "free market"  principles were to apply, then a number of Pacific-based regional airlines would create significant competition in the market and drive down the predator, monopolistic prices permitted because of market manipulation." - a Pacific economist  





The attorneys general from Guam and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands say the airlines’ service “has declined beyond what we ever could have imagined.”


The CEO of United Airlines asked customers for feedback and got an earful from officials representing two U.S. Pacific island territories, Guam and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands.
The flights between Honolulu and Guam are notoriously expensive — it would cost over $2,200 to fly roundtrip during the week of Christmas — and frequent mechanical problems on flights within the Mariana Islands provide passengers with an endless supply of horror stories.
Even a flight between Guam and Saipan — that lasts just 45 minutes, or the equivalent of flying from Honolulu to Kona — generally costs at least $200 roundtrip and sometimes tops $400. Frequent flight cancellations have forced some passengers to be stuck on one island for a week or longer, hurting businesses, tourists and residents.
Despite the hefty prices, the service is subpar, according to a letter sent to United from the attorneys general from Guam and the CNMI, the Marianas Variety reported.
After merging with Continental, United inherited a monopoly over the Honolulu-Guam route, and got rid of free inflight meals even though the flight lasts eight hours and is considered an international flight for the purposes of U.S. immigration.
United also charges passengers $70 to check a second bag, which the attorneys general called “unfairly restrictive.”
The officials noted that the flight from Honolulu to Guam lasts about the same time as flying from Honolulu to Tokyo-Narita but that the latter is much cheaper and provides passengers with free inflight meals and two checked bags.
“The disparity in services is especially striking given that the fare for the Guam-Honolulu route is almost twice as much as the (Narita-Honolulu) route,” they wrote.
The officials noted that Continental bought a new fleet of planes before the merger but that United replaced them with older aircrafts that often break down.
“Continental was deeply rooted in this region and invested in its people. This all changed after the merger,” the officials wrote. “We understood there would be changes, but the changes have been very disappointing. Service has declined beyond what we ever could have imagined by this merger. Customer satisfaction is at an all-time low, but there are changes that could — and should — be made to improve customer satisfaction on this route.”

French nuclear waste in Ma'ohi Nui (French Polynesia), Compensation for radiation victims strongly supported




Pacific churches have called on France to clean up nuclear waste in Maohi Nui (French Polynesia) less than two months ahead of the United Nations Conference on Climate change in Paris.


While welcoming French promises of assistance to climate change-affected islands in the region, Pacific churches also want compensation for former workers in test sites on Moruroa and Fangataufa atolls.

Pacific Conference of Churches General Secretary, Reverend Francois Pihaatae, said the promises of help for communities affected by climate change were a promising start to new relationships between France and the region.

But he warned that more must be done to ensure justice for Pacific people.

“Nobody can deny that climate change is a pressing global issue which must be addressed by all,” Rev Pihaatae said.

“At the same time we must not overlook the tremendous cost to the environment and human life caused by nuclear testing in the Pacific by France and the United States.

“This damage will be irreversible for several generations.

“Since the late 1960s the PCC, its partners and member churches have called for a nuclear-free Pacific and for compensation and justice for the victims of testing.”

Rev Pihaatae said generations of innocent people in Maohi Nui (French Polynesia) and atolls in the Northern Marianas and the Federated States of Micronesia had been left maimed for life by the nuclear tests.

He said radiation from the tests was passed from parents to children through conception and some villagers had been forced to leave their ancestral homes forever.

“As we approach COP21, Pacific churches call on the French government to do what is morally correct and compensate the victims of testing on Moruroa and Fangataufa,” Rev Pihaatae said.
“Those who have become ill, lost sight, limbs, homes and livelihood must be treated with justice.

“We also call on the United States to treat the people of the Northern Pacific territories with justice and compensate them for their losses.

“It is not enough to address the issue of climate change without also dealing with the nuclear problem which plagues the islands even after testing has stopped.”

Last week, French Ambassador to Fiji, Michael Djokovic, said he had seen and experienced why the Pacific was vulnerable to climate change.

Djokovic said, he saw the effects of climate change on Tuvalu and noted the anxiety in locals and how they were confronted with the rise in sea level.

“Even if the EU cannot agree on all the posts, we will try our best in our European and French account as chair of COP21 to reach an ambitious legally binding agreement, and universal all together from the tiniest country to the biggest one,” he said.

12 November 2015

US Virgin Islands celebrates David Hamilton Jackson Month



    Judge, Editor, the Herald,  Labor leader, "Black Moses" (1884-1946) 


David Hamilton Jackson was born on Estate East Hill, Christiansted, St. Croix, on September 28, 1884. He was educated in the East Hill School of which his father was principal. He represented the people in Denmark to put their pleas before King Christian X and the Danish parliament. He fought his case with such skill and vigor that he succeeded in convincing the King and Parliament to abolish governmental control of the press. Jackson returned home with the right to a free press and published "The Herald," a newspaper, shortly thereafter. "D. Hamilton Jackson Day" (formerly known as Liberty Day) is celebrated in the Virgin Islands on November 1st, in observation of freedom of the press. The month of November has been designated as "David Hamilton Jackson Month" to highlight Mr. Jackson's achievements and his contributions to the people of the Virgin Islands. 


This newspaper (The Herald) was the voice of the people. Jackson used it not only to inform, but to educate the laboring class. In 1915, Jackson, together with Ralph Bough, organized a labor union on St. Croix.At that time, men, women, and children labored in the cane fields from dawn to dusk for wages of 10 and 20 cents a day. The labor union agitated for higher wages and better working conditions which they won after general strike. 


Jackson's crusade for human rights extended beyond the labor movement in alter years. He studied law at Howard University in the United States around 1910, and he returned to St. Croix and engaged in private practice. 

He served in the Colonial Council from 1/23/26 and in the Municipal Council from 1941-46. The major difference between these two legislative bodes centered around governing powers. The Colonial Council existed during Danish occupation and was so named because of Danish Royalty involvement in the colonies, whereas the Municipal Council existed during American occupation when the territories were divided into municipalities of St. Thomas and St. John, and the Municipality of St. Croix. 


In recognition of his contributions to education on the island, he was appointed to the St. Croix School Board where he served as its first chairman, and was reelected to that office for a term of fifteen years. In 1931 he was appointed Judge of the police court of Christiansted until his resignation in 1941. 

Judge D. Hamilton Jackson was truly one of the most distinguished citizens of St. Croix, Virgin Islands. He served his people with distinction as an educator, editor, labor leader, lawyer, judge, and politician, until his death on May 30, 1946. 

Commentary: The problem with Puerto Rico is its colonial status

"An admirable plea to eliminate the political inequality through U.S. statehood. But the U.S. has been never been willing unwilling to give serious consideration to political integration of the island where the people would exercise full political equality.   Are they any more willing to do so in 2015 amid the economic crisis on the island, and the U.S. analyses indicating an exponential increase in  costs to the U.S. budget of Puerto Rico statehood?"  - a Latin American economist
___________________________


By Senator Rev. Rubén Díaz 


You should know that my beautiful Island of Puerto Rico, where I was born and grew up, is going through a very difficult financial crisis with a historic deficit of $72 billion dollars. 



ruben_diaz.jpg
Senator Reverend Rubén Díaz is a US politician and an ordained minister. A member of the Democratic Party, Díaz represents the 32nd District in the New York State Senate

You should also know that...on Thursday, November 5, there was a huge march in Puerto Rico demanding the United States of America’s government headed by President Barack Obama and the US Congress to help solve Puerto Rico’s problem. 

Almost every elected official from New York, including Governor Andrew Cuomo, NYC Mayor Bill de Blasio, NYC Speaker Melissa Mark-Viverito, Congresswoman Nydia Velázquez, Bronx Borough President Rubén Díaz, Jr., State Assemblymen Marcos Crespo and Luis Sepulveda, and many, many others – black, Hispanic and white legislators – traveled to Puerto Rico to join Puerto Rico's Governor Alejandro Garcia Padilla in this march. 

It is important for you to know that there are some who say that, because Puerto Rico is a colony of the United States, the problems of Puerto Rico will only be solved by one of two ways: (1) The federal government issues financial help – which they have refused to do; or (2) Puerto Rico declares itself bankrupt. 

The problem with the second point is that, because Puerto Rico is a colony of the United States, it is not allowed to declare bankruptcy and receive bankruptcy protection as 50 states and their municipalities are all allowed to do. 

As you can see, this puts Puerto Rico in a huge predicament: the federal government refuses to help financially, and the federal government refuses to allow Puerto Rico to declare bankruptcy. What else is there for Puerto Rico to do? 

You should already know that, as a colony, the federal government can dictate and impose all United States federal laws on the island and the people who live in Puerto Rico, and all are obliged to comply with those laws. 

The United States federal government can take the Puerto Rican youth – men and women – and send them to fight in wars and shed their blood for the United States of America. The United States federal government can take the best piece of land in Puerto Rico. The biggest US defense satellite – to protect the United States of America, is located in the town of Arecibo, Puerto Rico. And Puerto Rico is a very strategic place for the defense of the United States. 

I, for one, believe that the problems of Puerto Rico will not be solved by the November 5 march, regardless of the well intentions and good will of the organizers and the participants, which we Puerto Ricans will be forever indebted. But the march will only put a bandage, if anything, on this big problem facing Puerto Rico. 

I appreciate and feel in debt to all of the elected officials who traveled to Puerto Rico and defend my beloved island. As a veteran who loves this United States of America to death, I believe that the only way to solve the fiscal problems of Puerto Rico, and many others, will be for Puerto Rico to become the 51st state of the United States. This way, the problem will be solved forever. 

If Puerto Rico becomes a state, it will have the opportunity to elect seven members to the US House of Representatives and two United States senators, who will have the opportunity to represent them and fight for the State of Puerto Rico, as every other member of Congress does for their state. 

You should know that the NY elected officials traveled to Puerto Rico joined Puerto Rico's Governor Alejandro Garcia Padilla and more than 50,000 people on that day, but I am afraid that they will have to keep traveling back and forth to Puerto Rico and to keep marching as long as Puerto Rico continues to be a colony of the United States of America. This is because as long as Puerto Rico remains a colony, Puerto Ricans will continue to be denied all of the benefits and opportunities that everyone in the other states has. 

While those 50 other states of the nation have their representatives to fight for them, Puerto Rico is at their mercy because it doesn't have anyone with a vote on the Floor of Congress. 

So, ladies and gentlemen, therefore the problem of Puerto Rico will not be solved with this youth march because the problem with Puerto Rico is its status of colony.



Customary international law supports Kingdom of Hawai'i


Committee of Hawaiian Nationals/FREE HAWAII
THE UPDATE

Recap of Ho’okuikahi Part 2

MAHALO NUI to those who attended the 2nd Part of Ho’okukahi, the Pacific Peace Forum four-part series from the Coalition of Hawaiian Nationals, held on October 2nd. 

Brief Recap of Ho’okuikahi Part 1 – We honored Queen Lili’uokalani then covered the question of the identity and characteristics of Hawaiian Nationality. A Hawaiian National (a.k.a. Hawaiian Subject) is a person who professes allegiance to the Hawaiian Kingdom, the nation in continuity. Hawaiian nationality is not confined by ethnicity (native Hawaiian, indigenous, aboriginal, kanaka maoli). We emphasized that by professing our Hawaiian nationality we assert and become self-evident proof that the Hawaiian Kingdom still exists. The more those who consider themselves Hawaiian nationals present themselves, the more our nation becomes visible, viable and substantial…to ourselves and to the world. 
Recap of Ho’okuikahi Part 2 – 
Princess Ka’iulani - We honored Princess Ka’iulani and the role that she played during the crisis of the US-backed coup of her country, the Hawaiian Kingdom. Naomi Wong read a couple of short speeches given by Ka’iulani upon landing in New York on her way to Washington, D.C. Those speeches quickly dispelled the “barbarian princess” label spread by annexationists to damage Ka’iulani's credibility. Her words, her demeanor and her beauty immediately won over the American press and public. By the time she reached Washington, President Grover Cleveland had already withdrawn from the U.S. Senate the treaty of annexation (signed a few weeks earlier by his predecessor, President Harrison). That 'Treaty of Annexation’ or any other was never ratified by the US Congress. Princess Ka’iulani’s mission to stop the annexation was accomplished. 

Doctrine of Discovery - Then we spoke about the various edicts issued by Catholic popes that formed the “Doctrine of Discovery” giving license to European explorers to conquer, colonize and exploit lands inhabited by non-Christians; and the devastating effect it had and continues to have in the world today. 

We mentioned how the Episcopal church, where many of our ali’i were members, played a key role in service to the Kingdom. We also commended the Episcopal Church of America for repudiating and revoking the Doctrine of Discovery in 2011.

More specifically, we discussed how Hawaii's monarchs utilized international law to successfully position the Hawaiian Kingdom — as an enlightened, law-abiding, sovereign, Christian, neutral nation — to be safe from the imposition of the "Doctrine of Discovery” for 80 years. 

But by 1893 forces of greed and colonialism combined to ignore the rule of law, treaties and standards of international relations, and blatantly violated the sovereignty of the Hawaiian Kingdom. These violations continue to affect Hawaii today through the illegal imposition of United States rule and continuing abuses like GMO, the Rail, TNT/Mauna Kea, Ho’opili, and other actions that deny the people of the land from determining the use of their lands and resources. 

• That set the stage for the topic for discussion: “What Is Our Vision?” 

• Based strictly on customary international law, the reinstatement of the sovereign nation of the Hawaiian Islands and the lawful governing entity called the Hawaiian Kingdom is highly feasible. 

• The primary challenge to achieving reinstatement is overcoming the political and psychological resistance both internally and externally. 

• Steven Biko, martyr from the anti-apartheid movement in South Africa said: "The greatest weapon in the hands of the oppressor is the minds of the oppressed.” 

• If we are to stand up as a nation, we have to overcome the oppressive unbelief and defeatism that had been seared into the minds of our people for a hundred years. 

• If we can overcome that, the external resistance will be overcome as well.  

• We need to reset our thinking as we work toward the reinstatement of our nation. 

How would we do things differently?

In an interactive dialog,  
• We contrasted the characteristics of Hawaiian society…people first (people driven) which led to the establishment of an enlightened governing system; land distribution system; and a peaceful social order…

• As opposed to Western society with money (trade) being the primary driver, which leads to laws and institutions legalizing land theft, exploitation, conflicts and an oppressive social order.

• Hawaii under the Hawaiian Kingdom would be different because the priorities (values) would be different. Hawaiian laws and our style of governance embody and reflect Hawaiian values. 

• Good examples are the legacies left by our Ali'i: Kamehameha Schools, Queen Lili’uokalani Children’s Center, Queen’s Medical Center, Kapiolani Medical Center, Lunalilo Home, etc….all focused on serving the needs of their people.

• Good examples over the years are the actions taken by Hawaiian patriots: the 1897 Ku’e Petition; the Protect Kaho’olawe ‘Ohana, many protests over land issues, the many actions to reinstate the Hawaiian Kingdom following the US Apology in 1993, ku’e actions to protect our aina, iwi and sacred sites, most recent example, the protection of Mauna Kea from the TMT… 

• A nation with the good of the people as its highest priority would obviously operate very differently from the current US/State of Hawaii system.

What are our goals?
Full restoration of the Hawaiian Islands as an independent country
Restoration of the lands to the proper title holders
Restoration of the government of the Hawaiian Kingdom
Dedication of the lands to growing food
Elimination of systemic poverty
Government policies prioritized to what benefits the people instead of the dollar
Aloha Aina; aloha i ke kahi, I ke kahi; kapu aloha …as the fundamental guiding principles of the nation
A people, healthy, productive, thriving and happy
Lands fruitful and productive
Engaged in trade and peaceful interaction with nations 

The discussion was very lively and helpful in setting the vision for the nation. Everyone was very encouraged and eager to continue and spread the discussion to involve more participants. 

The session was recorded on video and we are working on getting it posted online soon. We also hope to set up a live-streaming capability before our next Ho’okuikahi, as well as ways in which people can be interactive in this vision-casting stage for the envisioning of our nation. 

Aloha Aina, 
Leon Siu 
Pilipo Souza
Coalition of Hawaiian Nationals

11 November 2015

Danish slavery and colonialism discussed at Virgin Islands Workshop

PRESS RELEASE

GOVERNMENT OF THE U.S. VIRGIN ISLANDS 
DEPARTMENT OF PLANNING AND NATURAL RESOURCES 


 The Scandinavian Atlantic and the Caribbean Exchanges Workshop at the Charles W. Turnbull Regional Library Commissioner Dawn L. Henry, Esq. is pleased to announce that the Charles W. Turnbull Regional Library is the host venue for The Scandinavian Atlantic and the Caribbean Exchanges Workshop to be held on November 10th and 11th, 2015.
The extensive two-day workshop is organized by the research network GlobArch (www.globarch.org) and financed by Riksbankens jubileumsfond of Sweden. The free workshops will highlight the important role that the Caribbean played in the triangular slave trade that was tightly entangled with the rest of the world as with other Atlantic regions such as the Gold Coast and the Slave Coast in Africa and North-Western Europe. 

Caribbean Islands created a physical space of human displacement and constant movement of goods, ideologies and ideas. Scandinavians were active participants in these exchanges. Sweden and Denmark made repeated colonial claims throughout Africa, America and the Caribbean. 

The workshop agenda follows: 

TUESDAY, NOVEMBER 10th 

9:00-9:15 Introduction Magdalena Naum & Jonas M. Nordin 9:15–10:00 

Contact, Colonialism, and other Tropes in the Archaeology of Atlantic Africa Christopher R. DeCorse (Syracuse University) 10:00–10:45 

Awkward Encounters. The reconstruction of a former Danish plantation in Ghana Nathalia Sofie Brichet(Copenhagen University) 10:45–11:30 

Framing the Texts of Two African Christians: Sites of Encounter in the Scandinavian Atlantic and in Atlantic Africa in the Eighteenth Century. Ray A. Kea (University of California at Riverside): 12:45–1:30 

Johan Lorentz Carstens and the strategy of leaving a Caribbean colony Louise Sebro (Danish National Museum) 1:30–2:15 

Danish Colonial Healthcare Policy and Afro-Caribbean Healing Practices, St. Croix, US Virgin Islands Meredith Reifschneider (Stanford University) 2:15–3:30 

Colonialism in the Danish West Indies and in Relation to the Caribbean Douglas Armstrong: 3:30–4:30 Discussion (moderator Neil Price) 

WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 11 

9:15–10:00 Swedish Iron and Africans in the Age of Atlantic Slavery Chris Evans (University of South Wales) 10:00–10:45 

Metals in the Danish Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade. Commodities Brought from Copenhagen, 1700-1754 Göran Rydén(Uppsala University): 10:45–11:30 

War and Trade in Gustavia, 1793-1815 Victor Wilson(Åbo Akademi University) 12:45–1:30 First Attempts in the Danish West Indies: Slave Law and Slave Trials During Company Rule from 1670s to 1730s Gunvor Simonsen (Copenhagen University) 1:30–2:15 

Creo[law]zation. A Caribbean Legal Archipelago Around the Year 1800 Fredrik Thomasson (Uppsala University) 2:15–3:15 Discussion (moderator Neil Price) 

For more information, please contact Ingrid Bough, Director of Libraries, Archives and Museums at 773-5715 or Sean Krigger, Director of the Virgin Islands State Historic Preservation Office at 776-8605 or the Charles W. Turnbull Regional Library at 774-0630. To read more information about the Scandinavian Workshops visit www.virginislandspubliclibraries.org

10 November 2015

Kosovo Fails to Gain Membership in UNESCO


PARIS – The general conference of the UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, or UNESCO, voted on Monday against accepting Kosovo as a member of UNESCO, since the country failed to gain the support of two-thirds of the votes.

The vote over Kosovo’s membership was backed by 92 votes, but 50 votes were against this bid and 29 abstained, while 15 countries did not attend the vote, so the bid fell short of the minimum required 95 votes.

Kosovo’s bid will not be resubmitted for a vote until the next general conference of the United Nations organization, scheduled to be held within two years, according to UNESCO officials.

Russia and Serbia were the most prominent countries to have adopted an active campaign to prevent Kosovo’s membership to the agency.

Kosovo would have gained membership, which was originally proposed by Albania, if it had received the support of at least two-thirds of the countries attending the general conference and also two-thirds of the voters.
 See: UNESCO Executive Committee approves Kosovo membership

New Caledonian Should Control Continental Shelf: Gomes

0

Territory already has rights over EEZ

WELLINGTON, New Zealand (Radio New Zealand International, Oct. 13, 2015) – A leading New Caledonian politician, Philippe Gomes, has called on France to assign to the territory the right to access the continental shelf.

Mr Gomes made the call after France last month extended the continental shelf off several of its overseas territories, including New Caledonia, by a total of half a million square kilometres.

Mr Gomes, who is a member of the French National Assembly, says the Assembly should make the change by modifying the organic law, which already gives the territory control over its Exclusive Economic Zone.

The shelf extension for New Caledonia applies to about 80,000 square kilometres towards Australia's Lord Howe island, an area believed to be rich in oil and gas deposits.

Two years ago, the French Economic, Social and Environmental Council urged the government to secure resources in the seabed off France's overseas territories.

In a report, the Council said the Law of the Sea allowed for France to lay claim to an additional two million square kilometres, half of which are in French Polynesia.

See also: 

French expands "Resource Colonialism" in the Pacific, Caribbean




Pacific Islands' Leaders Support West Papua at the United Nations

West Papua Report

October 2015

Perspective

by the Editors


The growing regional concern over the plight of Papuans in West Papua has been demonstrated in such key regional groupings as the Melanesian Spearhead Group (MSG) (see past articles from the West Papua Report on the MSG) and the Pacific Islands Forum (see article below ). Now, regional leaders have brought their concerns to the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA). Their remarks sparked what may be the first discussion in the UNGA on West Papua since the UN body "took note" of the Act of Free Choice in 1969.


MANASSEH SOGAVARE, Prime Minister of Solomon Islands speaks at UN General Assembly. UN Photo.
On October 1, the chair of the Melanesian Spearhead Group (MSG) and Solomon Islands Prime Minister, Manasseh Sogavare and on September 29 the Prime Minister of Tonga Samuela 'Akilisi Pohiva raised the issue of West Papua at the United Nations General Assembly in New York. Indonesia then exercised its right of reply to the Prime Ministers' remarks, prompting replies from the delegations of the two Pacific countries. 
In 2013 Vanuatu's then-Prime Minister Moana Kalosil Carcasse, called on the UN to "rectify" the "historical error" that led people of West Papua to be "sacrificed to gratify the appetite for the natural resources which this country possess. Today they are still the victims of ignorance of the UN."  

Prime Minister Sogavare updated the UNGA on developments at the MSG and the Pacific Islands Forum (PIF). He urged Indonesia to accept unrestricted access to a PIF a fact-finding mission to West Papua. (See below on prospects for the success of this fact-finding mission.)

Sogavare called attention to "the continuing concerns of human rights violations in the Papua and West Papua regions of Indonesia." He said that the "Solomon Islands together with the Pacific Islands Forum are seeking genuine dialogue and cooperation with Indonesia. The outreach is to resolve and dissolve reported allegations of human rights violations occurring on two of Indonesia's ethnic Melanesian regions namely Papua and West Papua."

He called on the UN Human Rights Council "to do more in investigating and monitoring of allegations of human rights abuse and violence on ethnic Melanesians in the concerned regions of Indonesia."

He concluded by stating: "In the long term however, the United Nations cannot shy away from the root causes of these violations."  Earlier in his speech, he called "for the full and swift implementation of the 1960 declaration on the granting of Independence to colonized countries and peoples." 

SAMIUELA 'AKILISI POHIVA, Prime Minister of Tonga
SAMIUELA 'AKILISI POHIVA, Prime Minister of Tonga. UN Photo.
Tonga's Prime Minister urged the General Assembly "to work together against injustice and cruel violations of human rights. And in the case of West Papua in Melanesia in the Pacific, this is within our power. It is a choice that those with power and privilege can make. The United Nations has the duty to closely follow up this West Papua case, and necessary action be taken to stop the brutal and inhuman activities." 

Indonesia exercised its right of reply by rejecting Tonga's and the Solomon Islands' "references to the 'so-called human rights issue in West Papua' as "dangerously misleading,'" according to a UN media summary. Indonesia's representative said that "her country had a robust national human rights protection system and continued to strengthen its related institutions and legislation." Any references to "inaccurate allegations" of human rights violations were politically motivated.

"The provinces of Papua and West Papua enjoyed wide-ranging autonomy, guaranteed by national laws, including in the election of governors and other heads of regional Governments. The Government was committed to continuing engagement, in good faith, with Pacific island countries, with which some of its people had strong commonalities, for peace and prosperity in the region," according to the UN report.

Tonga's delegate responded that "his country had received reports of and was concerned about alleged human rights violations." His country "would like to engage in friendly dialogue with Indonesia to gain a better understanding of violations and perhaps establish a fact-finding mission to determine the situation on the ground."

The delegate from the Solomon Islands noted that "All States had a legal responsibility to uphold human rights and to take measures against human rights violations. The Solomon Islands would like to work with Indonesia on violations in Papua and West Papua. Indeed, his country was also ready to work with Indonesia and with everyone in the multilateral system through the Human Rights Council."












Pacific Islands Forum Addresses West Papua Issue Gingerly
The 16-country Pacific Island Forum (PIF), which met in Port Moresby from September 8-10, addressed the plight of West Papuans under Indonesian rule, but did so gingerly reflecting divided opinion among Forum members. The Forum's largest members Australia, New Zealand, Fiji and Papua New Guinea were reluctant to challenge Indonesia directly.
The Forum's statement recognized Indonesian sovereignty over West Papua but noted concern over human rights and "called all parties to protect and uphold the human rights of all residents in Papua." Members empowered the forum chair, Papua New Guinea Prime Minister Peter O'Neill, "to convey the views of the Forum to the Indonesian Government, and to consult on a fact finding mission to discuss the situation in Papua with the parties involved." (see following item on this decision). 
Indonesia's Vice Foreign Minister, Abdurrahman Mohamed Fachir argued that the PIF was "not the right forum to discuss West Papua." He explained that the forum was intended to discuss "important economic development, co-operation, how to address climate change, maritime, fisheries and ICT connectivity for the Pacific." He did not suggest in what forum West Papuan human rights might appropriately be discussed, but implied that Indonesia's constitutional protections and human rights commission were adequate.

West-Papua-for-PIF-banner



Some Forum participants were notably determined to press West Papua concerns. Solomon Islands Prime Minister Manesseh Sogavare has emerged as strong defender of West Papua rights. He brought his recently appointed Special Envoy for West Papua Matthew Wale to Port Moresby and included Octo Mote, Secretary General of the United Liberation Movement of West Papua, in his delegation. 



If a member of the UN is committing human rights violations against its own people, it is no longer the issue that is domestic to that country but one that must be addressed by the United Nations.



Sogavare insisted that "Bringing West Papua to the agenda of the Pacific Islands Forum is within the framework of the Leaders meeting." He added that "By virtue of our membership of the UN we recognise the sovereignty of Indonesia over West Papua. But the same United Nations recognises the rights of people for self-determination and violation against human rights." 


He added that "If a member of the UN is committing human rights violations against its own people, it is no longer the issue that is domestic to that country but one that must be addressed by the United Nations."

Leaders of the United Liberation Movement for West Papua (ULMWP) expressed gratitude to the Pacific leaders "for being the sole moral voices on West Papua at the United Nations." ULMWP spokesperson Benny Wenda said that "We the people of West Papua listened to your historic speeches at the UN, which have brought great hope, emotion and positivity, which has displayed true Pacific solidarity for our people." 
Pacific Island Forum To Seek Fact-Finding Mission to West Papua

The September Pacific Island Forum gathering of regional leaders agreed to send a fact-finding mission to West Papua. The decision reflects growing regional concern about the plight of Papuans who have suffered grievously under Indonesia's five-decade long occupation.

The call for a fact-finding mission went forward notwithstanding doubts about its utility. New Zealand Foreign Minister Murray McCully did not support the mission commenting that he had not seen a role for such a mission. However, he did support discussion of the issue at the forum.



There are only two possible outcomes to expect from here on and that is either Indonesia refuses outright the request of all Forum leaders and face the consequences or they agree to begin a difficult process that includes terms and condition for the fact-finding mission.



Hopes for a successful mission rest largely with Jakarta with whom the Forum, under the aegis of the Forum Chair Papua New Guinea, must negotiate its terms. Indonesia rendered a similar mission proposed by the Melanesian Spearhead Group (MSG) in July 2013 useless. That mission failed to undertake a comprehensive survey of conditions in West Papua and was boycotted by Vanuatu, which protested the conditions imposed by Jakarta on the mission. Credible reports indicated that the Indonesian government had bribed some regional officials in order to suborn the mission. 


But there was a wary optimism that a Pacific Forum mission might conduct a successful investigation. The Solomon Islands Special Envoy on West Papua, Mathew Wale,called the decision "historical," adding that "we see an opening that gives us some comfort and hope that all Pacific leaders want all parties to protect and uphold our human rights and put an end to this atrocity." 

Wale added that "There are only two possible outcomes to expect from here on and that is either Indonesia refuses outright the request of all Forum leaders and face[s] the consequences or they agree to begin a difficult process that includes terms and condition for the fact-finding mission." 

He indicated the complex regional politics involved: "The role of PNG entrusted as chair of the Forum to begin these negotiations (with Jakarta) places significant burden on PNG to ensure that it does not confuse its bilateral economic and trade interest with Indonesia and its moral responsibility to seeking a just resolution on behalf of the Forum member countries and the people of the Pacific. 

For its part the United Movement for the Liberation of West Papua, which strenuously lobbied for the Forum to consider the plight of Papuans during its September meeting, cautiously welcomed the prospect of a "fact finding" mission. UMLWP spokesperson Benny Wenda called for the mission to include "independent candidates from all sectors of society." In this context, Wenda underscored the role of civil society in the region in advancing the cause of rights for West Papuans:

"Solidarity support from the Pacific and globally have heard the cries from West Papua, and we thank our people who continue to support us. We appeal to our people to continue to hold their respective governments to account and lobby our leaders to support our quest for an independent fact finding mission, and also at the United Nations to be listed on the Decolonisation List and for the UN to appoint a Special Envoy for West Papua."

Octovianus Mote, Secretary-General of the United Liberation Movement for West Papua (ULMWP) and a member of the Solomon Islands delegation to the Forum, said "What this means for us is that we have a right to be part of this process." 

WPAT Comment: Many regional governments have in the past succumbed to Indonesian threats and blandishments again and again over the issue of rights for the Papuans. Only the vigilant involvement of civil society in the region and groups who have long supported the cause of Papua rights can assure that their governments pursue terms for an effective mission.