02 June 2011

PONENCIA ANTE EL SEMINARIO REGIONAL DEL CARIBE

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PONENCIA ANTE EL SEMINARIO REGIONAL DEL CARIBE
DEL COMITÉ DE DESCOLONIZACION DE LA ONU
SAN VICENTE Y GRANADINAS
31 DE MAYO A 2 DE JUNIO 2011

Señor Presidente S. E.  Francisco Carrión Mena; demás directiva del Comité; distinguidos delegados y delegadas; participantes y demás público presente.

Permítame por comenzar felicitando al Embajador Francisco Carrión Mena por su elección como presidente de este importantísimo comité. Su extensa experiencia diplomática habrá de enriquecer los trabajos del mismo.

Comparezco ante ustedes en representación del Colegio de Abogados de Puerto Rico, la institución más antigua de Puerto Rico fundada en el 1840 y que año tras año aporta a las discusiones de este Comité.

Señor Presidente, enfrentamos el tema que nos ocupa, sobre la “Implementación de la Tercera Década para la erradicación del colonialismo: metas y esperados”, con sentimientos encontrados. El hecho de que estemos discutiendo y ponderando metas y objetivos por una tercera década de por sí causa desasosiego y frustración para los que pertenecemos a pueblos que aún no han logrado su independencia. Más aún en el caso de mi patria que nunca ha libado la dulce miel de la libertad.

Revisando la situación generalizada en el Caribe y en especial en los territorios que aún forman parte de la lista de territorios no autónomos, me pregunto ¿Por qué a las alturas del siglo XXI tenemos que siquiera hablar de este tema? ¿Acaso no se proclamó en la Res. 1514(XV) la igualdad de todas las naciones grandes y pequeñas?¿Acaso no se dejó claramente establecido que el colonialismo es un crimen contra la humanidad, una violación crasa de derechos humanos?

El derecho de descolonización nace de un derecho fundamental supremo: el derecho a la libre determinación1 de los pueblos. Tal concepto se fundamenta en el principio del consentimiento de los gobernados, plasmada en la Declaración de Independencia de Estados Unidos de 1776: ”governments are instituted among men deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed.”

El Presidente de EEUU Woodrow Wilson3 consideraba el derecho a la libre determinación como norma imprescindible en las relaciones internacionales:

“No peace can last, or ought to last, which does not recognize that governments derive all their just power from the consent of the governed and that no right anywhere exists, to hand peoples about from sovereignty to sovereignty as if they were property.

Peoples and provinces are not to be bartered about from sovereignty to sovereignty as if they were chattels and pawns in the game… Self-determination is not a mere phrase. It is an imperative principle of action, which state men will henceforth ignore at their peril.”

El respeto del derecho a la libre determinación de los pueblos se convirtió en uno de los pilares de un Nuevo Orden Internacional basado en el principio, no en el poder; en el régimen de la ley, no del interés.4 Desde su creación, la Organización de Naciones Unidas incorporó en sus estatutos el reconocimiento del derecho de los pueblos a la libre determinación5, a desarrollar el gobierno propio6; a establecer libremente su condición política y proveer asimismo a su desarrollo económico, social y cultural.7 El derecho a la libre determinación es un derecho fundamental, sin el cual no es posible el disfrute pleno de otros derechos8.

El derecho de descolonización vigente hoy o “the rule of law” se encuentra plasmado en la Carta de las Naciones Unidas, en los Pactos Internacionales de Derechos Humanos, en múltiples y reiteradas resoluciones de la Asamblea General de la ONU, siendo la Resolución 1514(XV) la ley especializada o la Carta Magna de la Descolonización. Todos estos instrumentos reiteran como principio, la inadmisibilidad de la intervención de los estados y la protección de los pueblos sometidos al colonialismo para garantizar el ejercicio pleno de su derecho a la libre determinación e independencia.10

Señala el tratadista Gross Espiell, que para el derecho internacional actual el colonialismo es un crimen, un delito internacional, tipificado como tal. Por lo tanto, debe destacarse que a partir de la aprobación de la Resolución 1514(XV), todos los títulos en los que se fundó o se pretendió fundar la soberanía o el dominio sobre un territorio han caducado en cuanto violan el principio de la libre determinación de los pueblos sometidos a la dominación colonial y extranjera. En virtud del nuevo decreto internacional aplicable, todos los antiguos títulos coloniales resultantes del viejo y caducado derecho internacional, han dejado de existir.

Esta es la teoría del derecho aplicable en casos de colonialismo, sin embargo la “real politik” es otra. Si la ONU pusiera en vigor estos principios, no tendríamos un Mar Caribe fragmentado y ocupado por tres potencias europeas y una del continente americano.

En teoría, la legalidad de los títulos de “potencias administradoras”, que no es otra cosa que un eufemismo para decir poder imperial, no podría sostenerse bajo ningunos de los principio estatuidos por la ONU, de hecho, estarían en flagrante violación de los mismos.

Bajo esos principios, no hay manera de entender ni justificar ni la presencia física y ocupación de países extranjeros en el Caribe y muchísimo menos sus reclamos de soberanía y su injerencia sobre territorios y aguas caribeñas.

No hay nada en los preceptos antes mencionados que justifique que el Reino Unido pueda suspender una constitución, exigir una nueva constitución y reservarse el derecho a aprobarla en las Islas de Turcos y Caicos. Tampoco podría pretender imponer un gobernador con poderes para dejar sin efecto las leyes y decisiones de los legítimos representantes del pueblo de Turcos y Caicos, porque no le convenga a los intereses de la Corona Británica. El “direct rule” deberá haberse quedado para siempre en los polvos de los libros de historia del Imperio Británico.

Tampoco hay nada en los preceptos anteriores que justifique o reconozca la legalidad de la fragmentación de territorios de por sí ya pequeños como el de San Martin entre dos jurisdicciones extranjeras, por virtud de reclamos de títulos obtenidos en el Siglo 19 que no deberían tener vigencia alguna en al siglo 21.

De hecho, lo que podría reconocerse como algún adelanto para un pueblo colonial, la reforma constitucional y el estatuto autonómico que han obtenido las Antillas Holandesas y Aruba, tiene la ganancia colateral para Holanda de tener el control de 8,300 km. cuadrados de aguas territoriales, incluyendo Curazao, Bonaire, San Eustacio y Saba y sus respectivas zonas de exclusividad de zona marítima y zona económicas.

El desmembramiento del Caribe en cuatro jurisdicciones extranjeras, cuatro idiomas impuestos por encima de las lenguas criollas y distintas monedas de intercambio comercial, han retrasado el desarrollo natural de ésta área la cual a pesar de las dificultades logísticas que todas estas diferencias han representado, ha logrado mantener una orgullosa, hermosa, diversa y vibrante cultura caribeña y ha logrado organizarse en organismos regionales como el CARICOM Y OECS.

El que un pueblo tenga que someter su constitución para aprobación por otro foráneo, es contrario al derecho a libre determinación. No obstante, las Islas Vírgenes de EEU han pasado por cinco ejercicios fútiles de aprobación de una constitución, sin que la ONU haya denunciado la ilegalidad de dicha pretensión.

Las islas de Martinica y Guadalupe fueran llevadas a un referéndum con una espada de Damocles en la cabeza ya que el Presidente Zarkozy amedrentó a los habitantes de dichas islas con las pérdidas de ayudas económicas de Francia. ¿Intervino la ONU de alguna manera para denunciar eso como una práctica atentatoria contra el más elemental ejercicio de la libre determinación?

En Puerto Rico, por tercera ocasión un Grupo nombrado por el Presidente de EEUU ha emitido un informe sobre el status de Puerto Rico. Por tercera ocasión en este siglo, EEUU ha expresado que la soberanía de Puerto Rico reside en el Congreso de EEUU, desmintiendo así lo expresado ante la comunidad internacional en 1953 en ocasión de la aprobación de la Res. 748(VIII) que relevó a EEUU de rendir informes sobre Puerto Rico y sacó a Puerto Rico de la lista de territorios no autónomos. ¿Qué mecanismos de revisión tiene la ONU para garantizar el cumplimiento de parte de las potencias administradoras con las obligaciones contraídas con la comunidad internacional? Los intentos de un país sin representación internacional propia,  pequeño y económicamente desventajado como Puerto Rico de elevar su caso a revisión no es viable ya que requiere de un país miembro para insertar el tema en la agenda de la Asamblea General, que sería el organismo con jurisdicción. Porque, fuera de la hermana república de Cuba, ¿qué otro país osaría enfrentarse al gigante del norte?

El Informe del Grupo de Trabajo del Presidente sobre el Estatus de Puerto Rico, nombrado por el Presidente Obama, en el cual no hubo representación del pueblo de Puerto Rico, rendido el 11 de marzo de 2011,  no solo reafirma y reclama para EEU la soberanía de Puerto Rico, sino que ignora como si no existiera el derecho internacional, las resoluciones de este Comité sobre Puerto Rico y niega la nacionalidad puertorriqueña al referirse a nosotros como ciudadanos de EEUU que ocupamos el territorio o pobladores del territorio. EEUU no le reconoce a los nacionales puertorriqueños fuera de Puerto Rico el derecho a participar en una consulta sobre estatus, rechaza el derecho de nuestro pueblo a convocarse soberanamente en una asamblea constitucional de estatus y ordena la celebración de dos plebiscitos, sin expresar qué estaría dispuesto a reconocer una vez se exprese el pueblo y bajo amenazas de que si no se celebra el plebiscito antes del final del  2011 entonces EEUU tomará una decisión unilateral sobre el estatus. El primer plebiscito que recomienda el informe le haría escoger al pueblo de Puerto Rico entre la incorporación del territorio o la independencia, dejando fuera las opciones reconocidas por el derecho internacional tales como la libre asociación y la integración.

Al igual que en el caso de Martinica  y Guadalupe, ante le inminencia de un plebiscito, el gobernador anexionista de Puerto Rico ya ha comenzado con la campaña del miedo declarando que optar por cualquier tipo de soberanía conllevaría la pérdida de fondos de EEUU, haciendo falsas representaciones sin distinguir entre lo que son dineros devengados por derechos adquiridos como el seguro social y pensiones y lo que por otro lado son fondos otorgados de beneficiencia social, como la asistencia nutricional.

Señores delegados, el pecado original que se cometió al someter a nuestros pueblos caribeños no ha sido expiada ni ha habido acto de reflexión ni arrepentimiento real de parte de los poderes imperiales. Las potencias extranjeras entraron en posesión de estos territorios mediante la cesión como botín de guerra, como hizo España con EEUU en el caso de Puerto Rico en el 1898 mediante el Tratado de París que puso fin a la Guerra Hispanoamericana-Cubana, o mediante compra y venta entre unas y otras refrendadas en Tratados como los de París y de Versalles de 1898. Que la legalidad de los títulos obtenidos en ese momento y de esa forma aún persista, no es distinto a que se les reconociera titularidad a los amos de los esclavos de plantaciones del siglo 19. Después de todo el colonialismo se basa en el racismo, en la creencia de que hay unas razas y unos pueblos más capacitados para gobernar porque son blancos, porque son poderosos económicamente y porque no tienen la capacidad para mirarse en un espejo y reconocerse como lo que son: explotadores y usurpadores de tierras y riquezas ajenas.

Lo que es aún más inconcebible es que la ONU tiene los instrumentos y los ha utilizado en el pasado para poner fin al colonialismo de forma rápida e incondicionalmente como lo mandata la Res. 1514(XV).  Los precedentes están ahí: Namibia, entre otros. Ante las pretensiones de Sur África de conculcar el derecho de dicho pueblos a su libre determinación e independencia, la ONU fue clara: no le reconoció a Sur África el derecho a apropiarse de un territorio que se le había encomendado la tutela para ayudar al desarrollo del territorio y encaminarlo al gobierno propio.

¿Cuál es la diferencia entre lo que pretendía Sur África con Namibia y lo que han hecho y hasta ahora se han salido con la suya haciendo Holanda, Reino Unido, Francia y EEUU?¿que no practican abiertamente el apartheid?¿Es que acaso sus prácticas de dominación por ser más sofisticadas son menos violatorias de los derechos de estos pueblos a su libre determinación?

El Comité especial en cumplimiento con el mandato de la Resolución sobre el Tercer Decenio para la Erradicación del colonialismo, debe ponerse como metas y objetivso primordiales:

1.      Declarar la ilegalidad de todos los títulos coloniales obtenidos mediante la ocupación militar, la cesión entre potencias extranjeras, la compra y venta entre potencias extranjeras, porque todos fueron obtenidos sin la consulta de los habitantes de los territorios y en violación a los preceptos del derecho internacional sobre colonialismo vigentes;
2.    
         Aplicar el precedente legal establecido en el caso de Namibia a todos los territorios no autónomos y ordenar a las potencias administradoras la inmediata preparación del territorio para su independencia;
3.      Ordenar a todas las potencias administradoras el cumplimiento específico con la Res. 1514(XV) en sus párrafo 4, 5 y 6 para la completa transferencia de poderes, el cese de la intervención militar y la represión y el respeto de la integridad territorial.

4.      Establecer mecanismos  accesibles y viables para los pueblos que padecen bajo el colonialismo para acudir ante la Asamblea General a pedir revisión de los acuerdos y obligaciones  contraídas por las potencias administradoras ante la comunidad internacional;

5.      Prohibir la celebración de consultas, referendos y plebiscitos en los territorios no autónomos y todos los que aún no hayan alcanzado su independencia, sin la supervisión y aval de la ONU;
6.      Ordenar y organizar de inmediato materiales y eventos de educación en todos los territorios no autónomos y todos los que aún no hayan alcanzado su independencia sobre su derecho a la libre determinación, los recursos y organismos  internacionales disponibles para proveer asistencia técnica, financiamiento y cualquier ayuda necesaria para garantizar un proceso de transición ordenada hacia la independencia;

7.      Nombrar un Comité Negociador presidido por el Presidente del Comité Especial de Descolonización para que las potencias administradoras paguen compensaciones económicas a los pueblos colonizados que garanticen una transición a la independencia con financiamiento adecuado y a esos efectos crear un fondo administrado por la ONU.

Estos son las metas y objetivos que mandata la Res. 1514(XV). El Secretario General de la ONU Ban Ki Moon le pidió a este Comité “vigor y creatividad.” No hay mucho que crear,  lo que se necesita es mucha vigorosidad.



01 June 2011

Puerto Rico Bar Association Addresses contemporary colonialism at UN Seminar


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Representative calls for 'more vigor and creativity' from the U.N. in the Decolonisation process in the Third International Decade for the Eradication of Colonialism


Statement before the Caribbean Regional Seminar 
United Nations Special Committee on Decolonisation
Caribbean Regional Seminar
St. Vincent and the Grenadines
31st May 2011


Wilma E. Reverón-Collazo
Puerto Rico Bar Association

 Mr. President H.E. Francisco Carrión Mena; other members of the Committee; distinguished delegates, participants and other public present.

Allow me to begin by congratulation Ambassador Carrión Mena for his election as president of this important committee. Your extensive diplomatic experience will certainly enrich the work of the Committee.

I appear before you on behalf of the Puerto Rico Bar Association, the oldest institution of Puerto Rico’s civil society, founded in 1840, which year after year has made important contributions to the discussions before this Committee.
Mr. President, we face the matter before us regarding the “Third Decade for the Eradication of Colonialism; goals and expected accomplishments”, with a heavy heart. The mere fact that we are here discussing a Third Decade causes frustration and desperation to the people of the territories who still have not achieved their independence, more so in the case of my motherland who has never tasted the sweet honey of freedom.

Upon reviewing the general situation in the Caribbean, specifically in  those territories that are still listed, I ask myself: Why are we talking about this in the 21st. Century? Didn’t Res. 1514(XV) proclaim the equality of all nations big and small? Wasn’t it clearly established that colonialism is a crime against humanity, a gross violation of human rights?

The right to decolonization is born out of the people’s  fundamental supreme human right to self-determination. That right is founded on the principle of government by consent enshrined in the United States Declaration of Independence of 1776:

”Governments are instituted among men deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed.”

US President Woodrow Wilson  considered the right to self-determination an essential norm in the conduction of  international relations:
“No peace can last, or ought to last, which does not recognize that
Governments derive all their just power from the consent of the governed and that no right anywhere exists, to hand peoples about from sovereignty to sovereignty as if they were property.

Peoples and provinces are not to be bartered about from sovereignty to
sovereignty as if they were chattels and pawns in the game… Self-determination is not a mere phrase. It is an imperative principle of action, which state men will henceforth ignore at their peril.”

The right to self-determination became one of the pillars of the New International Order based on principles, not on power; based on the rule of law, not in particular interests. Since its creation the UN included in its articles the recognition of the right to self-determination of the peoples of the world, to the development of their own governments; to freely establish their political condition  and to provide for their economic, social and culture aspects. The right to self-determination is a fundamental right, without which it is impossible to fully enjoy all other rights.

The right of decolonization today or the “rule of law”  is found in the UN Charter, the several International Covenants  on Human rights , in multiple resolutions of the UN GA, being Res. 1514(XV) the Carta Magna on Decolonization. All these instruments reiterate as a principle the inadmissibility of foreign intervention and the protection of the peoples subjected to colonialism and the duty to guarantee the full enjoyment of the right to self-determination and independence.

International law expert Gross Espiell reminds us that under international law colonialism is an international crime typified as such. Therefore, it must be stressed that upon adopting Res. 1514(XV), all titles to territorial sovereignty  founded upon dominion are obsolete inasmuch they violate the principle of self-determination of the peoples subjected to colonial foreign domination. As a result all colonial titles  which result from the old and obsolete international law, have ceased to exist.

This is the applicable theory of law in questions of colonialism, however the “real politik” is another. If the UN were to truly enforce these principles, we wouldn’t have a Caribbean Sea fragmented and occupied by three European powers and one North American power.

In theory the legality of the claim to territorial titles of the so called” administering powers” which by itself is an euphemism for “imperial power”, cannot be sustained under any of the principles decreed by the UN; rather they would in fact be in flagrant violation of the same.

Under these principles there is no justification for the physical presence and occupation by foreign countries in the Caribbean and their intervention over Caribbean territories and waters.

There is nothing in the aforesaid mentioned principles that justify or allow for the UK suspending a constitution, demanding a new constitution and reserving for itself the power to approve it as in the case of Turks and Caico. Neither could there be a pretension of suspending the effectiveness of laws and decisions made by the legitimate representatives of the people of Turks and Caico and other British possessions. Direct Rule should be something left in the dust bins of the history books of the British Empire.

There is nothing in the aforesaid principles that justify or recognize the legality of the fragmentation of territories which by nature are small in two foreign jurisdictions, like in the case of Saint Martin, based on the claims to titles obtained in the past centuries which should not exist in the 21st. Century.

In fact, when there is what appears to be some progress from colonial rule, like in the case of the Netherlands Antilles and Aruba, has a collateral benefit for the Dutch Kingdom of gaining control over 8,300 km. of territorial sea including exclusive maritime zones and economic zones.

The fragmentation of the Caribbean in four foreign jurisdictions, with four official languages imposed over the creole languages and different currencies, has delayed the natural cooperation and development of the region, Despite these difficulties the peoples of the Caribbean have had the resiliency to maintain a proud, beautiful, diverse and vibrant Caribbean culture and have managed to create important regional organizations like CARICOM and the OECS.

The fact that any peoples have to submit their constitution for approval of a foreign country is contrary to the right to self-determination. For a case on point, the U.S. Virgin Island has held five constitutional conventions and have been repeatedly rebuked by the U.S. Government.

In Puerto Rico, for a third time the U.S. President appointed a Task Force to issue a report on the question of the status of Puerto Rico. For the third time also the task force appointed by the US President, the last one by Pres. Obama, have no representation from the People of Puerto Rico. The three reports reiterate that the sovereignty of Puerto Rico lies in the US Congress. This is contrary to the representation that the US Gov. did to the international community in 1953, when they requested to have Puerto Rico taken out of the list of territories, because allegedly Puerto Rico had obtained self-government. The US Gov. then committed themselves to heed any requests that the people of Puerto Rico made to further develop self-government. Yet, despite the reiterated denunciations made before this committee of the US Gov.s’ refusal to act on Puerto Rico’s request for changes in the relationship, we find no recourse to bring the US Government into compliance.

 What mechanisms does the UN have in place to guarantee that the administering power comply with the obligations acquired with the international community? The attempts by a small and economically challenged country like Puerto Rico to request the revision of its situation before the UN GA is hardly feasible since it depends on the availability of a member country willing to confront the US Gov. What are the chances of having a country, other than our sister Republic of Cuba, to do that?

The March 11, 2011, Report of the US President Task Force on the Status of Puerto Rico appointed by Pres. Obama completely ignores international law and the 29 resolutions passed by this committee on the question of Puerto Rico; it denies recognition of our Puerto Rican nationality by denominating us as “U.S. Citizens that reside in the territory”. The US denies Puerto Rican nationals living outside Puerto Rico the right to vote in status consultation and rejects our right as peoples to convene ourselves in a status constitutional assembly. The report recommends that consultations be made in two plebiscites, the first one jus to ask whether we want to be part of the US or opting for a sovereign status, and a second plebiscite amongst the option recognized by them should the people decide to belong to the US. No prior declaration or definition is made of what the US would be willing to accept if the people voted in favor of belonging to the US. In fact the first plebiscite does not allow for other internationally recognized options such as free association or full integration. An incorporated territory can be maintained as such, for as long the US Congress wants with no guarantees of full citizenship and political rights.

As was the case in the Martinique and Guadeloupe referendums, the scare campaign has already started. The pro-statehood government of Puerto Rico and his followers are “warning” the population that choosing sovereignty entails the loss of millions of dollars in US funds. This is misleading to say the least, since the bulk of US revenues in Puerto Rico are payments to Social Security, Veterans pensions and federal employees pensions which are rights obtained by reason of the dues you have paid or the services you have rendered, they are no welfare or public benefit funds.

Sirs and madams, colonialism remains in place without any real attempt on the part of the administering powers to put an end to it. The European and US imperial powers  occupied our countries as a result of treatises amongst them, as war booty in the case of Puerto Rico in 1898 after the signing of the Treaty of Paris that ended the Hispanic American-Cuban War, or through purchase and sale amongst them legalized through treatises like the Treaty of Paris or the Treaty of Versailles. That the recognition of these titles be recognized as of today is no different than recognizing the slave owner’s titles of 19th. Century. After all, colonialism is based in a racist conception of the world, is based in the belief that there are some privileged races, peoples and countries that because they happen to be white are better suited to govern.

But what it is really unconscionable is that the UN, having the instruments at hand that have effectively been used in the past to put an end to colonialism, as is mandated by Res. 1514(XV), is still groping with this problem. There you have the precedent of Namibia, amongst other. The UN put a stop to South Africa’s pretensions to integrate Namibia, because, an administering power that has been given a territory in trust to help in its development towards self-government does not have the right to claim over the territory. What, may I ask, is the difference between what South Africa pretended to do and what UK, the Dutch Kingdom, France and the US have been getting away with? Are not sophisticated manners of domination as in violation of the right to self-determination of peoples as the ones practiced by South Africa?

This Committee in compliance with the mandates of Res. 1514(XV) regarding the total eradication of colonialism should have as main goals and objectives the following:

1.     1. To declare null, void, obsolete and illegal all colonial titles obtained through military occupation, cession amongst foreign powers, purchase and sell amongst foreign powers, because such titles were  obtained without consulting the indigenous and native inhabitants and peoples and in violation of existing precepts of international law.
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     2. Apply the legal precedent established in the case of Namibia to all non-sell-governing territories and call upon the administering powers to prepare those territories for immediate independence.
3.      
      3. Call upon all administering powers to comply with paragraphs 4, 5 and 6 of Res. 1514(XV) by transferring all powers to the territories, ceasing military intervention and respecting their territorial integrity.

4.     4. Establish accessible and viable mechanisms, not dependent on another member state willingness to help, for the peoples under colonialism in any form to enable them to request review by the UN GA of the agreements and commitments acquired with the international community.
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          5. Forbid any referendum, plebiscite or consultation in the non-self-governing territories and in those who still have not obtained their independence, without proper UN supervision and approval.

6.     6. Organize and distribute immediately educational events and materials for all non-self-governing territories and in those who still have not obtained their independence, for the dissemination of information on technical and financial assistance programs and any other resources necessary to guarantee a swift and orderly transition to independence.

7.     7. Appoint a Negotiating Committee chaired by the President of this Committee to ensure that the administering power pay compensation to the peoples they have maintained under colonial rule and to that effect create a fund to guarantee and aid in a swift and orderly transition towards independence.

These I believe should be the true goals and aspirations of this Committee as mandated under Res. 1514(XV). Secretary General Ban Ki Moon asked from this Committee “vigor and creativity”. There is not much to be created, what is need are lots of vigor.

29 May 2011

Gil Scott Heron joins the Ancestors

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Sign of the Ages
 Gil Scott Heron

It’s the sign of the ages
Markings on my mind
Man at the crossroads
At odds with an angry sky
There can be no salvation
There can be no rest
Until all old customs
Are put to the test
The gods are all angry
You hear from the breeze
As night slams like a hammer
And you drop to your knees
The questions can’t be answered
You’re always haunted by the past
The world’s full of children
Who grew up too fast
Yea, but where can you run
Since there a’int no world of your own
And you know that no one will ever miss you
When you’re finally gone
So you cry like a baby
Or you go out and get high
But there ain’t no peace on earth
Maybe peace when you die
Yea…


We will miss you, my brother
Rest well
Peace.


Dutch Minister Says Independence for Aruba, Curacao & Sint Maarten not far off

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Daily Herald

The last step of the "continuous dissolution" of the Dutch Kingdom, namely the complete independence of Aruba, Curaçao and St. Maarten, is not far off, if things progress the way they are now, according to Dutch Minister of Home Affairs and Kingdom Relations Piet Hein Donner.

Donner made his remarkable statement at a gathering of the Antillean Network Association VAN in Amsterdam Friday evening. Donner, who was the main speaker at the event that kicked off a weekend of activities themed "The Islands Adrift," explained that the process of continuous dissolution actually started in 1948.

The Round Table Conference in that year kicked off a process that led to Suriname's independence and a status apart for Aruba. With the dismantling of the Netherlands Antilles in October last year the last but one step was taken in the process of continuous dissolution.

"Only one step remains: the dissolution of the Kingdom ties and the complete independence of Aruba, Curaçao and St. Maarten. The Netherlands would remain a Caribbean country, the consequence of the decision to take up Bonaire, St. Eustatius and Saba into the Dutch Constellation. And that step is not too far if we continue in this manner," said Donner, who made clear that the Netherlands cannot take that step.

Donner's speech was remarkable because it was the first time that he openly spoke about the future of the Kingdom, indirectly giving his vision on the Kingdom, a position that the Dutch Second Chamber has been asking for several times. The Dutch Government is currently preparing an official vision on the Kingdom.

The fact that the question is posed whether the Kingdom has a shared future shows that this is not the case, said Donner. "We are not busy either with the question whether the provinces have a shared future."

Yet, the Netherlands has never really answered the question what it wants for the Kingdom. "The Kingdom was just there. It was the Netherlands and the former colonies were a Dutch responsibility. The Netherlands could and cannot unilaterally make them independent," he said.

Donner said the Kingdom was more than a commonwealth of independent states. The Kingdom consists of the countries of the Kingdom that look after their own affairs, care for the interests of the Kingdom based on equality and offer each other mutual assistance.

"But it concerns the past as long as the Kingdom is merely a legal tie and political guarantee. Than the Kingdom is only a result of responsibility and accountability of the Netherlands as a former colonial power. We are busy with the past as long as we only deal with the responsibilities and restrictions of the Kingdom. We are talking about the future when we speak of the possibilities of the Kingdom," said Donner.

The transformation of October 10, 2010 was especially a reaction to grievances and problems of the past. It wasn't based on a joint vision on a positive filling in and ambitions of the new situation. "That is worrisome because the Kingdom is not a goal on its own. Than we are busy with a renovation of a constellation of which we don't know whether it is worth the while to maintain it."

Donner said it was "high time" that the partners asked themselves the question what they wanted for the Kingdom. "We can continue by reproaching each other in a loud voice, but it will only restrict the options and speed up the moment of a definite bearing up," he said.

The Minister said there were three scenarios for the Kingdom. The first scenario was to continue on the current path whereby each of the countries would go their own way without making something good of the relations and with the Kingdom relations being little more than a legal tie.

Under the first option the Kingdom would mostly have a guarantee function with the Netherlands being responsible for integer and proper governments, a solid structure of law and order and the protection of human rights. "The Netherlands would be seen as the police officer who looks after law and order in the Caribbean part of the Kingdom," he said.

In the second scenario, partners would find a basis of joint interests and of own interests which are strengthened by cooperation. The third scenario is that the countries mostly focus on their own individual interests but that the cooperation strengthens their relation.

Donner didn't indicate a preference of any of the three scenarios, since it concerned a decision of all Kingdom partners. He said the "love and tie should come from two sides and has to be stable."

The Netherlands wants to keep the ties with the other countries of the Kingdom because it has an interest in maintaining and strengthening the Kingdom. He said it was a "misunderstanding" that especially Aruba, Curaçao and St. Maarten had an interest in continuing the current relations and the Netherlands didn't.

He pointed out that the Netherlands had a direct interest in stability and prosperity of the Dutch "public entities" Bonaire, St. Eustatius and Saba which can serve as a "showcase" for the Dutch and European private sector in its trade relations with South America. Furthermore, the strategic location of the Dutch Caribbean islands make them an important partner in the fight against organised crime in the region.

Donner said there was much to gain from good and close ties in the Kingdom. A prerequisite, however, is that each country sees it as its own interest and responsibility to make sure that there is proper governance, healthy government finances, integrity, justice and safety for its inhabitants.

"Own interest because citizens want to be governed in a proper, trustworthy and integer manner. Own interest also because legal security, safety and proper governance play a key role in the decision of companies to set up a business in a country," stated Donner.

25 May 2011

Decolonisation in the Non-Independent Caribbean subject of high level academic discussions in Curacao

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Eminent scholars to examine status of non-independent Caribbean at the beginning of the Third International Decade for the Eradication of Colonialism (2011-2020) adopted by the United Nations General Assembly


A high-level panel of Caribbean academics will explore the challenges faced by non-independent Caribbean territories during the 2011 session of the Caribbean Studies Association (CSA). The annual conference will convene from 30th May to 3rd June at the World Trade Center in Curacao, the former capital of the Netherlands Antilles before its dismantling in 2010 to become the third autonomous Caribbean country in the Kingdom of the Netherlands, along with Aruba and Sint Maarten.

Under the title "Unfinished Decolonization: Proposals and Uncertainties in the Non-Independent Territories of the Caribbean," panelists will present scholarly papers on the range of political status options available to the small island non self-governing territories, and will examine how present self-governing arrangements of independence, free association and integration actually operate in practice in the Caribbean and Pacific.

Specific attention will be paid to the present political dependency status of the six British dependent territories of the Caribbean/Atlantic region, in particular Bermuda, Turks and Caicos Islands, Cayman Islands Montserrat, British Virgin Islands and Anguilla. Additoinally, the U.S. dependent territories of Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands will also be examined the panel of scholars.

The panel will be chaired by eminent professor of the University of Puerto Rico (UPR) Dr. Aaron Gamiel Ramos, who will also present a paper on “The Limits of Representation: Regional Cooperation Efforts of Non-Independent Territories.” Ramos has published widely on non-independent Caribbean issues, and co-edited with UPR Professor Dr. Angel Israel Rivera the seminal text, "Islands at the Crossroads: Politics in the Non-Independent Caribbean."

The role of the United Nations in the decolonisation process of Caribbean and Pacific island territories will be examined in a second paper, "An Assessment of the Implementation of the International Decolonisation Mandate", to be presented by the eminent decolonisation expert Dr. Carlyle Corbin, international advisor on governance, former US Virgin Islands minister for external affairs and United Nations expert. Corbin, who is the Executive Secretary of the Council of Presidents of the United Nations General Assembly (CPGA), will also make a presentation on Implementation of Decolonisation 2020 on a separate panel on "Identity in Non-Independent States."

A key paper on the changing dynamics in the French overseas departments entitled “The French Antilles: Historical Debates, Contemporary Challenges” will be presented by eminent professor Dr. Fred Reno, professor of the Universite des Antilles et de la Guyane in Guadeloupe.

Additional papers are also set for presentation under other panels of the conference. Accordingly, the panel on “Representation and Dutch Caribbean Sovereignty” will hear a presentation by eminent scholar Dr. Justin Daniel of the Universite des Antilles et de la Guyane in Martinique on “The Non-Independent Caribbean: Towards New Models of Governance.”

The Caribbean Studies Association (CSA) is an independent professional organization devoted to the promotion of Caribbean studies from a multidisciplinary, multicultural point of view. It is the primary association for scholars and practitioners working on the Caribbean Region (including Central America and the Caribbean Coast of South America). Its members come from the Caribbean Region, North America, South America, Central America, Europe and elsewhere. The CSA was founded in 1974 by 300 Caribbeanists and now has over 1100 members.

The focus of the CSA is on the Caribbean Basin which includes Central America, the Caribbean Coast of Mexico, as well as Venezuela, Colombia, Northeast Brazil and the three Guianas. The Association serves a critical function for scholars providing one of the only venues for persons working on the Caribbean to come together to share their work, to engage in collaborative endeavors, to exchange ideas, to meet each other, and to develop the field of Caribbean Studies.

Members of CSA have played leading roles in the Caribbean, most notably in public service and in academia. These include current and past service as leaders of governments, administrators in multilateral and bi-lateral regional organizations. Many current members serve in senior positions at Caribbean, North American, and European universities.

24 May 2011

United Nations University Offers Internship Vacancies - 15 June 2011 deadline

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August 2011-January 2012


Apply Now
Deadline: Wednesday 15 June 2011

Dear Colleague,

The United Nations University Office at the United Nations in New York (UNU-ONY) is recruiting Junior Fellows for the August 2011-January 2012 session.

The title given to the Junior Fellows reflects a combination of academic excellence, professional aptitude and diligent work ethic exhibited by the members of the programme. Requirements and guidelines for application are found below. More information can also be found on the UNU-ONY website.

Please circulate this announcement to your students, colleagues and friends who may be interested in participating in the programme or in disseminating this great opportunity to young professionals.

The deadline for receiving applications is Wednesday, 15 June 2011. Please do not hesitate to consult the UNU website if you have any questions or comments.


With kind regards,
UNU-ONY Team
United Nations University Office at the UN, New York
2 UN Plaza, Room DC2-2060, New York, NY 10017
Tel.: 212-963-6387
Fax: 212-371-2144
Email: jpfony@unu.edu
Website: http://www.ony.unu.edu/

Rebuilding the Bermuda Economy - At the Crossroads of the Business Model

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Walton Brown

Bermuda’s way out of this economic morass must be by way of a strong and genuine partnership between government and business. While government provides the framework and infrastructure for business to develop and companies provide the capital and employment to generate wealth, there are roadblocks along the way that must be cleared. Given the present circumstances, we must demonstrate a level of urgency in doing so.

It is true that Government consults widely, and often, with key business stakeholders to better discern their concerns and challenges. On the basis of these discussions, Government assesses current policy and reflects on what if any changes need to be introduced. Sounds like the perfect working relationship. The problem here is that industry does not consistently share with government the totality of its concerns; business leaders, however, do share their candid views with their peers and this information eventually gets into the public domain. The main reason business leaders are reticent about some of their deep concern on issues when their position conflicts with Government is that they want to be seen to be working with Government and not opposing policy. The unfortunate consequence is that some companies have quietly left the island and taken much needed jobs and expenditures. We need to clear this roadblock.

Another roadblock is the inevitable inertia spawned in government bureaucracies. How this comes about is simple enough to understand. Firstly, every department created in every Ministry has its own mandate and set of rules, policies and procedures. Secondly, unlike the private sector, there is no reward system for efficiency or productivity. The lazy worker is paid the same as the diligent and efficient government employee. This has created a set of conditions where many simple and routine decisions are unnecessarily delayed by months, in some cases years. Every month’s delay for a business creates more frustrated owners; it necessarily forces them to consider other options in other jurisdictions. When we have businesses ready to invest and to create jobs, we must ensure work permits, building permits, landing permits, occupation permits, fire permits and all the other permits needed are approved within a timeframe that values the importance of that business to the country. Some of us need to be reminded that it is the private sector and not Government that creates value and grows the GDP.

As companies seek new opportunities we need to assure them we value their business. There are a few things we can do in this respect. If a company is bringing a minimum size investment to the island (say $10 million) we should have a process in place a one-stop shop, if you will, where all of their requests from government can be handled by a single entity and processed expeditiously. Bermuda was once at a competitive disadvantage because of the time it took to incorporate a company. That was addressed by a sound working relationship between Government and the private sector. Let us apply this same approach with renewed vigour. A company, having invested millions of dollars, should not be told they cannot pick their own executive team. And if we do not allow them to, there are many other jurisdictions which will allow them. Preemptively, let me say there is no conflict between a policy ensuring qualified Bermudians be employed in their areas of competence and a company having an entitlement to select its key executive team.

We are at a crossroads. Bermuda’s business model once embraced our passive motto, “Whither the fates lead” but it is ill-suited for the present. We need to actively pursue strategies to bring back growth because with that growth will come renewed strength and greater opportunities for all of us